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云南思茅山区茶园土壤节肢动物群落结构与生境之关系

2019-02-11 访问量: 46 茶礼仪网

云南思茅山区茶园土壤节肢动物群落结构与生境之关系 (1)

杨效东佘宇平陶滔朱启忠扈克明

提要对思茅山区6种类型生态茶园土壤节肢动物的类群和个体组成及水平、垂直分布进行了调查,并将其与生境和人类活动影响的关系进化了对比分析。

关键词思茅山区茶园土壤节肢动物群落结构

分类号《中图法》S154.5

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SOIL ARTHROPOD AND SOIL ENVIRONMENT IN TEA PLANTATION IN SIMAO MOUNTAINS,YUNNAN PROVINCE

YANG XiaodongSHE YupingTAO Tao

Kunming Section,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming650223;

ZHU QizhongHU Kemi ng

Simao Longsheng Tea Group Limited Company, Simao665000

AbstrustThe soil arthropod communities in 6 different tea plantations of Si mao were inve stigated in 1996.10031 individuals of soil arthropod were collected,which belong to 4 classes ,21 orders.The dominant groups were Acarina and Collembo la, The co mmon groups were Symphyla Coleoptera Hymenoptera.The groups and individuals of s oil arthropod community increased with the contents of soil organic matter and t otal N,and it decreased with soil depth.The curve of diversity index was simila r to the curve of evenness of soil arthropod community. The production activity affected diversity of soil arthropod community to a certain extent.

Key wordsTea plantation, soil arthropod, community struct ure, soil environment

思茅山区位于云南西南部,22°02′~24°50′N、99°09′~102°19′E,为低纬度高原季风气候区,年降雨量1580mm,年均温18℃~20℃;干湿季分明。为探索土壤节肢动物的群落特征与茶园土壤环境的关系,提高茶园土壤肥力,建设高产、高效、优质生态茶园,我们对云南思茅茶园土壤节肢动物进行了调查研究。

1样地选择和研究方法

1.1样地生境

6种类型茶园生境及有关背景资料如表1。

表 1思茅茶园样地主要生境状况

Table 1Habitat condition of tea plantation in Simao生境号Habitats

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥ代表类型type 单一种植幼龄多层种植老龄 低海拔高海拔采集地点Sampling site 思茅市思茅市思 茅市思茅市南岛河大庙山土壤类型Soil type 赤红壤赤红壤赤红壤赤红壤红黄壤黄 棕壤种植模式Plant type单行种植单行种植樟-茶群落单行种植单 行种植双行密植海拔(m)Elevation13401340134013409401750树龄(a)Tree age7383089树高/幅宽(cm)Height/crown75×12545×7565×10585×11080 ×12065×155郁闭度(%)Cover502060256090产量(kg)Yield 270~27580~100250~255100~120300~350 350~400周围环境Surrounding村庄村庄村庄村庄村庄次生林生产管理Production activity定期施肥,

喷药,中耕不定期施肥

喷药,中耕定期施肥,

喷药,中耕不定期施肥

喷药,中耕定期施肥,

喷药,中耕定期施肥,

喷药,中耕1.2研究方法

调查时间:1996年3月,8月,10月和1997年1月,先后4次调查,本文仅就茶园生产期(3~11月)土壤节肢动物群落特征进行分析。

土壤节肢动物采样方法:1.在上述各生境分别选取20×20(m2)样地,在样地的条播茶棵之间,选取50×50×5(cm3)样方用于手拣法采集大型土壤节肢动物;2.按对角线法设置5个取样点,在每个取样点按A(0cm~5cm)、B(5cm~10cm)、C、(10cm~15cm)3个土壤层分别采取土样,取样面积392.

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