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其他茶引诱茶尺蠖天敌寄生蜂的茶树挥发物的分离与鉴定 (1)
摘要采用Tenax GC动态吸附法对茶树-茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua (Prout)-单白绵绒茧蜂Apanteles sp.三重营养关系中茶树的新梢挥发性化合物进行了捕集，经GC、GC-MS鉴定结果表明，不同来源的挥发物的组成和数量是不同的，完整茶树新梢(IS)的挥发物有11种组份；机械损伤新梢(MDS)的挥发物有13种组份；茶树-茶尺蠖取食复合体(PHC)的挥发物有15种组份，而用经典的SDE法获得的新梢精油有13种组份，4种挥发物数量的大小顺序为SDE>MDS>PHC>IS。生物测定结果表明，无气味经历的雌单白绵绒茧蜂对IS和MDS的气味的选择作用无统计上的显著性，对机械损伤新梢+幼虫口腔分泌物(MDS+Reg), 幼虫取食损伤(LDS)和PHC的气味有较强的偏好选择性。
关键词茶树，茶尺蠖，单白绵绒茧蜂，三重营养，挥发物
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TEA PLANT VOLATILES ATTRACTIVE TO TEA GEOMETRID PARASITOIDS
Xu NingChen ZongmaoYou Xiaoqing
(Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hangzhou310008)
AbstractThe volatiles emitted from the various treated tea shoots were dynamically entrapped by Tenax GC and identified by GC and GC-MS. Results showed that the volatiles emitted from various treated tea shoots differed in composition and relative contents. Volatile emitted from intact tea shoots (IS) was composed of a blend of 11 components; while volatile emitted from mechanically damaged tea shoots (MDS) was a blend of 13 components and volatile from plant host feeding complex (PHC) was a blend of 15 components. Volatile extracted from tea shoots by SDE method was identified to be a blend of 13 components. The order of relative contents from above treatments is SDE>MDS>PHC>IS. Y-tube olfactometer bioassay results showed that inexperienced female wasps had no preference to volatiles emitted from IS and MDS over clean air (control) statistically, while strong preference to volatiles emitted from MDS+Reg, LDS, and PHC over control was observed.
Key wordstea plant, tea geometrid, Apanteles sp., tritrophic system, volatile
植物的气味在植食昆虫和天敌昆虫的生境定位、寄生或捕食行为中起着重要的作用［1～2］。一般情况下,植食昆虫往往只取食分类地位上接近的寄主植物［2］。除视觉反应外，寄主植物的气味为植食昆虫确定寄主身份的主要感官刺激物，它可使处于寄主搜索、取食和产卵过程中的植食昆虫产生种种行为反应［3］。与植食昆虫相比，天敌所面临的气味来源更加多样，启动天敌昆虫嗅觉反应的挥发性物质可能起源于寄主植物、寄主昆虫或两者的有机结合［4］，所以探明不同来源挥发物的组成是研究三级营养关系化学通讯的先决条件。
在搜寻寄主的过程中，寄生蜂要利用各种各样的与寄主相联系的视觉或嗅觉指示信息才能找到寄主并完成寄生过程。在天敌所处的生境中，能释放挥发物的味源很多，由植物或寄主(丝、粪便、蜕、蛹、卵块)发出的挥发物往往对寄生蜂的成功寄生起到决定作用。从挥发物的量上看，植物型挥发物挥发量多，持续时间长，作用距离大；而寄主型挥发物挥发量少，持续时间短，作用距离小［4］。对于一个进行寄主搜寻的寄生蜂来说，如何利用挥发物提供的信息就成为成功寄生的关键所在。
本研究采用吸附剂的方法动态捕集茶树-茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua (Prout)-茶尺蠖天敌绒茧蜂Apanteles sp.三重营养关系中的植源性的挥发
